Creating a global class in SAP ABAP

Katy / 05.03.2024

How To Create A Global Class In Sap Abap

Open your ABAP program and remove the WRITE statement. Create an instance of a new global class. Check the syntax. Create a method to get the database records. Add the method implementation. Format your code. Declare the local variable explicitly. Replace `helper_type` with a Dictionary structure. More items

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Creating a Global Class in SAP ABAP

ABAP Classes can be classified into two types depending on how they are declared and their visibility.

Global classes in SAP ABAP are accessible to all ABAP programs. They are created and defined using the Class Builder in the ABAP Workbench (Transaction SE24). These global classes are stored centrally in the Repository class library class pools.

When an ABAP program calls for a class, the system initially checks if there is a local class with the given name. If no local classes are found, it proceeds to search for a global class. The only distinction between using a global or local class lies in their visibility.

Creating a Worldwide Class in SAP ABAP

The complete class definition includes a declaration section and, if necessary, an implementation section. The syntax for declaring a class is as follows: -.

The global class in SAP ABAP includes the declaration for all components of the class, such as attributes, methods, and events. It is important to place the local class declaration at the beginning of the program since it is part of the global program data.

In order to define methods within a class, the implementation part of the code should include the declaration. The syntax for declaring a method is as follows –

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The implementation section of the class includes the implementation of all methods within the class.

Creating an International Class in SAP ABAP

The contents of a class are created by its components. These components, which define the attributes of an object in a class, are declared within the class declaration part. All the components of a class can be accessed and used within that particular class.

In SAP ABAP, there are two kinds of class components – instance components and static components. Instance components are specific to each object in the class and exist separately for each instance. On the other hand, static components exist only once for the entire class, regardless of how many instances are created.

In ABAP objects, classes have the ability to specify various elements.

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Class Elements Description
Properties Properties are internal data fields within a class that are declared with different ABAP data types such as characters, integers, floating-point numbers, and numeric values. The attributes of an object determine its state.
Procedures
Initializers

The initializers are special procedures that automatically execute when an object is created or accessed for the first time. They initialize the object.
Circumstances

Circumstances refer to functions triggered by specific conditions. Objects or classes use circumstances to activate event handler methods in other objects or classes.

Data Types

Data types are user-defined ABAP data types defined using the TYPES statement within a class context. These types do not depend on instances and exist universally across all objects belonging to the same class.

Invariables

Invariables represent special static properties declared using CONSTANTS statement within a class context. Invariables do not rely on instances and exist consistently throughout all objects associated with the same class.

Creating a global class in ABAP

On the other hand, local classes are defined within specific ABAP programs themselves. Unlike global classes, these local entities are limited to their respective programs and cannot be accessed or utilized by other programs. Local classes offer a more localized approach to programming, allowing developers to encapsulate specific logic or functionality within individual program units.

Furthermore, centralizing commonly used functions into global classes enhances maintainability as any changes made at this level automatically reflect across all dependent programs utilizing those functions. This reduces maintenance efforts significantly compared to making modifications individually on each program where those functions were initially implemented.

Creating a class in ABAP SAP

To create a global class in SAP ABAP, follow these steps:

1. Open the ABAP Development Tools (ADT) and navigate to your package or development object where you want to create the class.

2. Press Ctrl+Shift+N or go to File > New > Other ABAP Repository Object.

3. In the New ABAP Class dialog box, enter a name for your class and select Global Class as the Type.

4. Click Next and choose a package for your class if necessary.

5. In the Create Method section, click on Public Section to add methods that will be accessible outside of the class.

6. To add an interface to your class, click on Public Section under Interfaces in the dialog box.

7. Move any existing methods from the Methods tab to this new interface by selecting each method definition and pressing Ctrl+1 (or right-clicking) and choosing Pull-Up Members… Then select the interface you created earlier.

8. Once you have defined all necessary methods and interfaces, click Finish to create your global class.

Creating a global class in SAP ABAP allows you to define reusable code that can be accessed across different programs within an SAP system landscape. By following simple steps using ADT, such as creating public sections for methods and interfaces, you can ensure that these components are available outside of their respective classes when needed for integration purposes or other scenarios requiring shared functionality between objects.

Declaring global data in SAP ABAP: A guide

Place the global declaration part of a program at a central, context-related point at the beginning of the program. The global declaration part should only ever be the area between the introductory statement of an ABAP program and the first implementation.

Creating a worldwide interface in SAP

To create a global class in SAP ABAP, you can utilize the Class Builder in the interface pool. Follow these steps:

1. Open the Class Builder and navigate to the interface pool.

2. Use the PUBLIC addition of the statement INTERFACE to mark it as a global interface.

3. Remember that an interface pool can only contain a global interface.

Distinguishing global class from local class in SAP

On the other hand, local classes are defined within an ABAP program or a global class itself. Unlike global classes, local classes are limited in scope and can only be used within the specific program or class where they are defined. They provide a way to encapsulate related functionality within a specific context without making it available for reuse outside of that context.

Distinguishing local and global classes in ABAP

The main distinctions between local classes and global classes in SAP ABAP are as follows:

1. Local classes can only be utilized within the program where they are defined.

2. On the other hand, global classes have a wider scope and can be accessed from any program or function module.

These differences highlight the flexibility and versatility of global classes compared to their limited usage within specific programs for local classes.

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